What is a SHA-256 File Checksum?
SHA-256 (Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit) is a member of the SHA-2 family defined by NIST. It produces a fixed 256-bit (32-byte) hash value, typically rendered as a 64-character hexadecimal string.
Because of the cryptographic Avalanche Effect, changing even a single byte or bit in a multi-gigabyte file will produce a completely different SHA-256 output. This makes SHA-256 the gold standard for verifying software downloads, OS ISO images, and database backups.